tarkus wrote:Liko81 wrote:So, my the opinion of the majority of amicus briefs, SCOTUS needs to strike down the gun ban, but it cannot:
- Rule that licensing is unconstitutional (overturns all FOID laws and the majority of BATFE regulation)
- Rule that prohibiting issue of a required license is unconstitutional (overturns may-issue CHL policies and the Hughes Amendment),
- Rule that requiring firearms be secured is unconstitutional (overturns most laws regarding guns around children, in the car, etc and can be applied to laws regulating carry conditions like Utah's Condition 3 requirement for non-CHLs),
- Rule that their decision to overturn applies only to D.C. because it is not a State (this is fallacious because it's the arguments that call for upholding the ban that use this argument. Arguments for overturning the ban in the first place don't care what type of jurisdiction is imposing such a ban; the Constitution and Bill of Rights limits ALL governments under the U.S. umbrella and protects ALL people under same),
- Rule that the Second Amendment only applies to certain classes of weapons (the Framers couldn't have known that less than a century later we'd invent the Gatling gun just like they couldn't have known that 200 years later we'd have the Internet yet free speech applies in cyberspace. The weapons at issue are repeating and autoloading rifles/shotguns, revolvers, and autoloading pistols, all of which existed as of Miller, and that decision protected such weapons as being common and in military use),
- Rule that the Second Amendment applies to all classes of weapons (wait, what? Well, that's exactly what even Heller's supporters are saying; overturn D.C. but not the '86 ban), or
- Rule the ban constitutional (the positions of the justices in asking questions certainly did not indicate they would do so, and the ban is clearly preventing the citizens of D.C. from exercising their 2A rights even in their own homes)
Why can't they do 1, 2, 3 and 6?
It might be inconvenient for the anti-gun-nuts but strict scrutiny for 2A is the most reasonable compromise.
Sorry, looooong post. You are probably correct in that strict scrutiny would be the answer, but even that test can be used to argue that portions of U.S. and State firearm law need to be rethought. As far as why 1, 2, 3, and 6 can't be done, I gave the arguments that various parties to this case have given for not issuing a ruling stating that any one of those was unconstitutional at its base.
Reading up on "strict scutiny", it requires 3 tenets to be met:
- compelling governmental interest
- narrowly tailored
- least restrictive means
OK, let's apply this to each of the laws in turn. First law 7-2502.02: registration will not be given for a pistol not already registered as of September 1976 except for law enforcement officers. As registration is required (I was mistaken; licensing itself is not at issue except thhat it is required and you can't get one). First test; is it necessary or crucial to prohibit registration and therefore lawful possession of a handgun? Can of worms right there. The stated need is to reduce murders; a plurality of murders are committed with handguns, so banning them reduces murders significantly. I would disagree with this reasoning and say that there is in fact no compelling interest; only two jurisdictions have
de jure prohibition on possession of a handgun in any circumstance. The rest of us get along just fine without such a ban; in fact, the two jurisdictions with the bans are two of the highest-crime areas in the country. Second test; is it narrowly defined? No. EVERY handgun that is not in the hands of an LEO or retired LEO, or was not owned by the same guy since the bicentennial, that is found in the District is illegal. No travelling exemption (as required by federal law; that law is ignored in the District), no military exemption, no exemption for out-of-District residents, no nothing. Third test; is it the least restrictive means to accomplish the goal? Gee, we know the answer to that one. No. In fact, it is the MOST restrctive means to NOT solve the problem. Give civilians their guns back and crime solves itself.
Second law: It is a 1st-class misdemeanor ($1,000 fine and 1 year in jail) to carry a pistol on one's person. Compelling government interest? Most states reserve for themselves the power to regulate the wearing of arms. Texas does so in its Constitution. I think SCOTUS would say D.C. has the same interest as those states. Second test; narrow definition. That fails, because there is no licensing provision, no exception for the home (except for that one's own home carries ONLY the $1000 fine and 1 year; anywhere else is at least 5 times the fine and jail time) etc. The only exception is that the person can theoretically be licensed to carry, however no civilian can get this license. Third law; least restrictive means. Nope; you can require a carry license with a background check, training and qualification, and you accomplish the same end; criminals and people who cannot safely carry a gun cannot carry legally, however, everyone else could.
Third law: Except for LEOs, all registered firearms must be unloaded and either disassembled or locked unless they are kept at the registrant's business or in current use. Compelling interest? I say this is similar to the first law; the government has no business in my gun cabinet, OR wherever else in my home or property I choose to keep one. However, it may be argued that the government has an interest in preventing arms stolen from citizens being immediately useable, and to keep children from harming themselves with an unsecured loaded firearm. Narrowly defined? Nope; only LEOs and business owners are excepted from this law. The last provision, "while in lawful use", is meaningless as any use of a firearm by a non-LEO is illegal. Least restrictive means? Please. Guns can be hidden, kept out of reach, or - here's a novel concept - carried on the owner's person who thus secures it from theft and children. They can also be stored in a lock box (which may or may not count as a "similar device"; in any case as long guns are the only firearms allowed it would have to be a locking cabinet or safe).
So, all three laws, as written, are unconstitutional by strict scrutiny. Doesn't mean the basic concepts fail on their own merit, but the laws are either too broadly worded or are misapplied resulting in unreasonable infringement.
Now, a similar law: the Hughes Amendment. Machine guns cannot be registered after 1986 and all MGs not registered and taxed are illegal. Compelling government interest? Bigger can of worms. MGs are very deadly, no doubt about it. The U.S. might argue on the grounds of national security, which conveniently enough, lies completely opposite the Framers' stated purpose of the 2A. Open rebellion by an armed group with an eclectic mix of ARs and AKs is certainly a threat to national security. If I wanted the '86 ban struck down totally, I would have to argue that even though the possession of machine guns can threaten the existence or authority of the U.S. government, that is exactly the point; if the government oversteps its bounds the Framers intended the 2A to provide the people with a means of resistance. Not sure I'd get very far with the guys who consider themselves the highest check on government, not to mention they are set for life thanks to that government. Narrowly defined?

Any gun which shoots, by a single function of the trigger, more than one round. It doesn't matter if the gun was designed or specifically modified to do so; malfunctioning weapons are machine guns. Unsafe weapon-ammo combinations are machine guns. A kB that sets off an additional round is a machine gun (destroyed, yes, but it discharged more than one round). This is I think the tenet that needs the most attention, and what would hold the current state of affairs unconstitutional. Least restrictive means? Well, assuming that the MG simply being possessed by a civilian poses a possible threat to government authority, there's nothing short of a total ban on such weapons to ensure national security.
So, the Hughes Amendment would be hard to strike down completely even given strict scrutiny in Heller. The BATFE's definition of a machine gun could be required to be revised to prevent unintentional violations, but unless you can convince SCOTUS that they are, in effect, not the last word in restricting government authority, and even the Constitution itself is not that last word, I think we'll be dealing in C&R machine guns before we can buy new ones again.
CHLs? Compelling interest; I think the state of Texas would claim it has a very good reason to stay informed about who is carrying a handgun and to say who can and cannot do so. It may or may not be defensible; the CHL conviction rate is about 1/5 that of the general population in terms of gun-related crimes, and a substantial portion of that is due to 46.035 and related "no-go" statutes, so they have a point in that trained, qualified CHLs are better citizens per capita. I would posit that SCOTUS would agree that a shall-issue license is not an unreasonable restriction; you'd have better luck striking down may-issue policies like Maryland's. Narrowly defined: I don't think so. Handguns cannot be carried openly by anyone, and only concealed with a CHL, so CHL law coupled with the rest of Texas' gun law very broadly restricts the practice of carrying weapons. Least restrictive method? Texas has among the most restrictive CCW programs of all shall-issue states and it allows for concealed carry only, not to mantion the current backlog. There are less restrictive ways to go about it even while keeping the course and qualification. Taking a good look at Texas' budget regarding the DPS would be a first step; the money from CHL apps goes to the State and then that office of the DPS is budgeted independently. I might actually bet money the State is currently making a profit on CHL applications. 288,000 CHLs paying renewal fees is roughly $20 million over 4 years, and that's just renewals; new applications are twice as expensive and though I can't find a number for new applications during FY2007 they grew by 40% last year.
So, the jury's out on CHLs; I think SCOTUS, if handed the question of 46.02's infringement on 2A rights, may rule the purpose is valid but the means go too far and the program needs better management as the backlog is a de facto restriction.