HankB wrote:This is a serious question - IANAL and frankly, I just don't know how far the police can go when they're investigating a residential shooting.
Can they go through dressers, search your attic, demand you open your gun safe, hand over keys to a safety deposit box, etc., without obtaining a warrant?
I thought the others would answer this but it looks like it is up to me. The rules are kind of different in some ways for a shooting or any crime scene, but the same in other ways.
The basic rule is always going to hold true, that any search without a warrant is illegal, unless there is one of the exceptions that the court has recognized. In a shooting, there are two exceptions that are normally used.
The first is the rule of exigent circumstances. I clearly have an injured person present. It is reasonable to presume that there may be other injured people who need treatment, witnesses who are hiding until they know it is safe, or that the shooter may still be present and a threat to responding emergency workers. Thus, a quick search of the building for people is justified. This is limited to places where people can be hiding, but it includes places like where small children can hide. They have been known to get into some very unusual small places when scared and hiding. But it would not include things like inside a locked wallsafe (inside a gun safe is possible though).
The second rule normally used is that of consent. If one of the homeowners calls the police and welcomes them in, consent has been given for at least a limited search and presence. Consent always overrides objections to searches later, and is somewhat vague sometimes in what constitutes consent. Remember my last post about "Can I look around?". The same thing applies when you call the police and welcome them into your house. If they start to look in more than the area where the crime has occurred, you can make them get a warrant, but not objecting can be taken as an extension of the original consent to enter.
But, there is an interesting problem in some cases. If the husband just shot the wife in their house, then he can deny the search or collection of evidence. In this type of case, the husband has a reasonable expectation of privacy in his own home. Several cases have been lost because the officers did not get a warrant after the initial treatment of the scene by EMS. Remember that the initial search ends the first time all officers have left the scene. To come back again requires a warrant. A good officer will always have someone get a warrant for the crime scene if there is any possibility that the suspect is one of the residents or property owners.
This was all made very clear last year (or so) when there was a SCOTUS ruling on something like this. In this case, it was a family disturbance call with the husband and wife both present. She got upset and told the police where in the bedroom he kept his drugs and gave them permission to get them. He told them not to go in there. SCOTUS ruled that the cops getting the drugs was illegal because he was present and objected to the search and his rights were as strong as hers on the property. In cases of ties like that, the decision goes to the runner, so the police lost out.