Idjut wrote:lrb111,
Asked in earnest: can you please elaborate on this obligation you speak of?
I'll try. It's located in the CHL handbook starting at the bottom of page 53. Note those areas that say:
"a person acting in a peace officer's presence and at his direction,"
Subch. E. LAW ENFORCEMENT
PC §9.51. ARREST AND SEARCH. (a) A peace officer, or a person
acting in a peace officer's presence and at his direction, is justified in
using force against another when and to the degree the actor reason-
ably believes the force is immediately necessary to make or assist in
making an arrest or search, or to prevent or assist in preventing
escape after arrest, if:
(1) the actor reasonably believes the arrest r search is lawful or,
if the arrest or search is made under a warrant, he reasonably believes
the warrant is valid; and
(2) before using force, the actor manifests his purpose to arrest or
search and identifies himself as a peace officer or as one acting at a
peace officer's direction, unless he reasonably believes his purpose
and identity are already known by or cannot reasonably be made
known to the person to be arrested.
(b) A person other than a peace officer (or one acting at his direc-
tion) is justified in using force against another when and to the degree
the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to
make or assist in making a lawful arrest, or to prevent or assist in
preventing escape after lawful arrest if, before using force, the actor
manifests his purpose to and the reason for the arrest or reasonably
believes his purpose and the reason are already known by or cannot
reasonably be made known to the person to be arrested.
(c) A peace officer is justified in using deadly force against another
when and to the degree the peace officer reasonably believes the
deadly force is immediately necessary to make an arrest, or to prevent
escape after arrest, if the use of force would have been justified under
Subsection (a) and:
(1) the actor reasonably believes the conduct for which arrest is
authorized included the use or attempted use of deadly force; or
(2) the actor reasonably believes there is a substantial risk that
the person to be arrested will cause death or serious bodily injury to
the actor or another if the arrest is delayed.
(d) A person other than a peace officer acting in a peace officer's
presence and at his direction is justified in using deadly force against
another when and to the degree the person reasonably believes the
deadly force is immediately necessary to make a lawful arrest, or to
prevent escape after a lawful arrest, if the use of force would have
been justified under Subsection (b) and:
(1) the actor reasonably believes the felony or offense against the
public peace for which arrest is authorized included the use or at-
tempted use of deadly force; or
(2) the actor reasonably believes there is a substantial risk that
the person to be arrested will cause death or serious bodily injury to
another if the arrest is delayed.
(e) There is no duty to retreat before using deadly force justified by
Subsection (c) or (d).
(f) Nothing in this section relating to the actor's manifestation of
purpose or identity shall be construed as conflicting with any other law
relating to the issuance, service, and execution of an arrest or search
warrant either under the laws of this state or the United States.
(g) Deadly force may only be used under the circumstances
enumerated in Subsections (c) and (d).[/b]